Horizon Prime Hospital - Thane

Introduction
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is becoming an increasingly common disorder among women worldwide, affecting nearly 1 out of 5 women in India alone. This hormonal imbalance leads to a variety of health issues, from irregular menstrual cycles to fertility problems. PCOD is primarily influenced by lifestyle factors such as obesity, stress, and hormonal imbalances, making it a significant health concern across the globe.
What is Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
PCOD is a condition where a woman’s ovaries produce immature or partially matured eggs in large numbers. These eggs eventually turn into cysts, causing the ovaries to become enlarged and secrete excessive male hormones (androgens). This hormonal imbalance can result in a variety of symptoms, including irregular periods, unwanted weight gain, infertility issues, and more. Women with PCOD
also face a higher risk of developing conditions such as type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Dr. Hrushikesh Vaidya, Medical Director and Chairman of Horizon Group of Hospitals, explains, “Many women are unaware of PCOD’s symptoms and implications. Though PCOD was first identified nearly 90 years ago, there are still no FDA-approved drugs to treat this complex condition. Diagnosis often occurs late when women experience infertility issues.”

Signs and Symptoms of PCOD
PCOD manifests differently in each woman, making it difficult to diagnose in some cases.
However, common symptoms include:
– Irregular, delayed, or unpredictable menstrual periods
– Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, or back
– Acne or oily skin
– Hair thinning or male-pattern baldness
– Difficulty conceiving
– Weight gain and insulin resistance
– Fatigue, sleep disorders, and mood swings
Many women experience depression and anxiety due to PCOD, as noted by Dr. Manali Shilotri, a leading gynecologist at Horizon Prime Hospital. "Nearly 34% of women with PCOD suffer from depression, and 45% suffer from anxiety, making early diagnosis and management crucial."
What Causes PCOD?
The exact cause of Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is unknown, but it is thought to be influenced by a combination of genetic
and environmental factors. Some of the contributing factors include:
– Family history: PCOD often runs in families, especially when the mother has been diagnosed with the condition.
– Insulin resistance: Women with PCOD often struggle to utilize insulin properly, which can trigger the production of male hormones.

– Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can stimulate androgen production, leading to PCOD symptoms.

Long-Term Impact of PCOD
Untreated PCOD can lead to various health complications, including:
– Type-2 diabetes
– Infertility
– Sleep apnea
– Heart disease and metabolic syndrome
– Premature delivery and miscarriage
– Endometrial cancer
– Chronic liver inflammation
According to Dr. Ria Vaidya, CEO of Horizon Group of Hospitals, “PCOD can also lead to poor quality of life due to mood swings, negative social relationships, and low self-confidence. These side effects further emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.”
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing PCOD typically involves a physical exam, a review of symptoms, and tests such as bloodwork and pelvic ultrasound to check for cysts and measure hormone levels. While there is no known cure for PCOD, treatment focuses on managing symptoms through medications and lifestyle changes.
Treatment options may include:
– Diet and exercise: A healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce PCOD symptoms. A 5% reduction in body weight can help regulate the menstrual cycle, improve insulin resistance, and reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
– Cyclic hormonal treatment to regulate menstrual cycles
– Medications to improve insulin resistance
– Skin treatments for acne and pigmentation issues
– Laparoscopic surgery to remove androgen-producing tissues in severe cases
Conclusion
PCOD is a complex hormonal disorder that affects many aspects of a woman’s health. Early detection and proper management of symptoms can significantly improve the quality of life and overall health outcomes. Dr. Manali Shilotri emphasizes, “It is crucial to diagnose PCOD early and tailor the treatment according to individual needs. Lifestyle changes, medication, and regular monitoring can help manage symptoms, allowing women to lead a relatively normal and healthy life.”
For women dealing with PCOD, maintaining a positive attitude and staying connected with healthcare professionals is key to managing this condition effectively. With timely intervention and proper treatment, successful pregnancies can also be achieved despite PCOD.