Difference Between Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest
Introduction
When it comes to heart health, few terms are as misunderstood as heart attack and cardiac arrest. Many people think they are the same, but in reality, these two conditions are very different — though both are serious and life-threatening emergencies.
A heart attack is a circulation problem, while cardiac arrest is an electrical problem. Both conditions affect the heart, but their causes, symptoms, and immediate treatments are not the same. Understanding the difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest could help you act quickly — and possibly save a life.
What is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a clot in a coronary artery. Without blood supply, the affected part of the heart is starved of oxygen and begins to get damaged.
Causes of Heart Attack
- Atherosclerosis: Build-up of plaque (fatty deposits) inside coronary arteries.
- Blood clot formation: A ruptured plaque can trigger clotting that blocks blood flow.
- Severe narrowing of arteries: Long-term cholesterol deposits restrict blood supply.
Symptoms of Heart Attack
- Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort (lasting more than a few minutes)
- Pain radiating to arm, neck, jaw, or back
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating, nausea, or vomiting
- Dizziness or fatigue
Important Note
During a heart attack, the heart usually keeps beating, but part of the heart muscle is damaged.
Difference Between Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest
| Feature | Heart Attack | Cardiac Arrest |
| Definition | Blockage of blood flow to heart muscle | Sudden stoppage of heart’s pumping action |
| Underlying Problem | Circulation problem (blocked arteries) | Electrical problem (abnormal rhythm) |
| Heart Beat | Continues (but may be irregular/weak) | Stops completely |
| Consciousness | Patient usually conscious initially | Patient collapses immediately |
| Primary Symptoms | Chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating | No pulse, no breathing, sudden collapse |
| Urgency | Serious emergency but can sometimes develop over hours | Instant life-threatening emergency requiring CPR and defibrillation |
Connection Between the Two
While they are different, heart attack and cardiac arrest are linked. A severe heart attack can disrupt the heart’s electrical system and trigger cardiac arrest. However:
- Not all heart attacks lead to cardiac arrest.
- Cardiac arrest can occur without any history of heart attack.
Treatment Approaches
Heart Attack Treatment
- Medications:
- Clot-dissolving drugs (thrombolytics)
- Blood thinners
- Pain relief and anti-platelet medicines
- Procedures:
- Angioplasty and stent placement
- Coronary artery bypass surgery in severe cases
- Long-term Care:
- Lifestyle modifications, diet, exercise, and regular check-ups
Cardiac Arrest Treatment
- Immediate CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): Keeps oxygen flowing to vital organs.
- Defibrillation (AED use): Electric shock to restore normal rhythm.
- Hospital Care:
- Ventilation support
- Anti-arrhythmic drugs
- Treatment for underlying cause (e.g., pacemaker for rhythm disorders)
Prevention
Both heart attack and cardiac arrest can be prevented — or their risks reduced — with the right steps:
- Control blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes
- Follow a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes most days)
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol
- Manage stress effectively
- Regular health check-ups if you have risk factors
- Learn CPR — bystanders trained in CPR can double or triple survival chances in cardiac arrest cases
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. What is the main difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest?
A: A heart attack is caused by a blocked artery (circulation problem), while cardiac arrest happens when the heart suddenly stops beating (electrical problem).
Q2. Can a heart attack cause cardiac arrest?
A: Yes, a severe heart attack can sometimes trigger cardiac arrest, but not all heart attacks lead to it.
Q3. How quickly should treatment be given for each condition?
A: Heart attack treatment should start within hours of symptoms, but cardiac arrest requires immediate CPR and defibrillation within minutes.
Q4. Is survival possible after cardiac arrest?
A: Yes, but only if CPR and defibrillation are started quickly. Every minute without treatment reduces survival chances by 7–10%.
Q5. Which is more dangerous: heart attack or cardiac arrest?
A: Both are life-threatening. Heart attacks can lead to long-term damage, while cardiac arrest can cause sudden death within minutes if untreated.
Why Choose Horizon Prime Hospital for Cardiac Emergencies?
When it comes to life-threatening conditions like heart attack and cardiac arrest, every second counts. Horizon Prime Hospital in Thane is one of the leading centers for advanced cardiac care, backed by a team of highly experienced specialists. If you are searching for an expert cardiologist in Thane, the hospital offers access to some of the best doctors who are skilled in handling emergencies as well as long-term heart health management.
With 24/7 emergency response, modern ICU facilities, and state-of-the-art diagnostic technology, Horizon Prime Hospital ensures timely and effective treatment. From immediate interventions like CPR support, defibrillation, and angioplasty to post-treatment cardiac rehabilitation, patients receive comprehensive care under one roof. Choosing Horizon Prime Hospital means getting the expertise of a trusted cardiologist in Thane, advanced infrastructure, and compassionate patient care — all of which can make a life-saving difference in cardiac emergencies.
Conclusion
The difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest lies in their underlying causes:
- A heart attack is a circulation problem caused by blocked arteries.
- A cardiac arrest is an electrical problem where the heart stops beating.
Both conditions are medical emergencies that require fast action — but in different ways. Recognising symptoms early, seeking urgent medical help, and learning CPR can make a life-saving difference.
